Action Research Diksha Quiz Answers & Complete Study Guide

The Action Research professional development module on the DIKSHA platform (under the NISHTHA teacher training program by NCERT and the Ministry of Education) equips educators with practical tools to identify, analyze, and resolve immediate classroom challenges.

This study guide provides the verified answer key for the DIKSHA Action Research Quiz, complete with statistical principles, research methodology frameworks, and APA documentation standards.

Key Course Parameters

Parameter	Details
Course Name	NISHTHA / DIKSHA Action Research Module
Target Audience	School Teachers, Headmasters, Educational Administrators
Core Methodology	Kurt Lewin’s Action Research Cycle
Passing Score	Minimum 70% required for certificate generation
Governing Body	National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)

Verified Questions, Answers & Academic Explanations

Question 1: In the process of conducting research, “Formulation of Hypothesis” is followed by

Options: a. Collection of Data | b. Selection of Research Tools | c. Analysis of Data | d. Statement of Objectives
Correct Answer: b. Selection of Research Tools
Technical Context: Once a tentative testable statement (hypothesis) is formulated, the researcher must select or design appropriate measuring instruments (tests, questionnaires, observation schedules) before gathering data.

Question 2: The process of selecting samples from the population is called

Options: a. Population framing | b. Sample | c. Sample framing | d. Sampling
Correct Answer: d. Sampling
Technical Context: Sampling is the technique of selecting a representative subset of individuals from a broader population to infer characteristics about the entire group.

Question 3: Which of the following terms represents the average of the numbers?

Options: a. Median | b. Total | c. Mode | d. Mean
Correct Answer: d. Mean
Technical Context: The arithmetic mean is calculated by summing all observations and dividing by the total count ($N$). Median represents the middle value, while mode represents the most frequent value.

Question 4: Experimental Research is systematic and ________________ Approach to research

Options: a. Scientific | b. Philosophical | c. Epistemological | d. Qualitative
Correct Answer: a. Scientific
Technical Context: Experimental research applies empirical controls, manipulation of independent variables, and objective measurement to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

Question 5: A ________ is a research approach that is used to generate an in-depth, multi-faceted understanding of a complex issue in its real-life context

Options: a. Survey | b. Case Study | c. Experimental | d. Philosophical
Correct Answer: b. Case Study
Technical Context: Case study methodology provides qualitative depth by investigating a single entity, classroom, or institution within its natural setting.

Question 6: Action research is most appropriate when teachers

Options: a. Control for possible rival hypothesis | b. Try to correct something that is not working | c. Learn how things were done in the past | d. Learn participant views
Correct Answer: b. Try to correct something that is not working
Technical Context: Unlike pure or applied research aimed at universal generalization, action research focuses on immediate practitioner-led problem solving in local classrooms.

Question 7: Action Research is __________________ in nature

Options: a. Qualitative | b. Quantitative | c. Empirical | d. Experimental
Correct Answer: d. Experimental (Note: In practical execution, action research utilizes mixed-methods, but formal evaluation models classify classroom intervention tests under experimental frameworks).

Question 8: APA stands for

Options: a. American Psychological Alliance | b. American Psychological Association | c. Australian Psychological Association | d. Anthropology Psychological Association
Correct Answer: b. American Psychological Association
Technical Context: The American Psychological Association establishes standardized guidelines for scientific writing, source citations, and formatting.

Question 9: Choose the correct order of the steps in Action Research

Options:
- 1. reflection, 2. Identification of problem, 3. Collection and organization of data, 4. Action based on data
  1. Interpretation of data, 2. Identification of problem, 3. Collection and organization of data, 4. Action based on data, 5. Reflection
  1. Collection and organization of data, 2. Identification of problem, 3. Interpretation of data, 4. Action based on data, 5. Reflection
  1. Identification of problem, 2. Collection and organization of data, 3. Interpretation of data, 4. Action based on data, 5. Reflection
Correct Answer: 1. Identification of problem, 2. Collection and organization of data, 3. Interpretation of data, 4. Action based on data, 5. Reflection
Technical Context: Derived from Kurt Lewin’s Action Research Cycle, the process moves sequentially from problem identification through empirical action to critical reflection.

Question 10: APA format is followed while writing the

Options: a. Report | b. References | c. Acknowledgement | d. Table of contents
Correct Answer: d. Table of contents (Note: APA standards dictate structural layout rules for formal research documentation headers and outlines).

Question 11: Action research means :

Options: a. A longitudinal research | b. A research initiated to solve an immediate problem | c. A research with socioeconomic objective | d. An applied research
Correct Answer: b. A research initiated to solve an immediate problem
Technical Context: Action research addresses localized operational hurdles (e.g., student reading deficits) with real-time feedback loops.

Question 12: Action research refers to

Options: a. An analysis of real entities | b. A process to generate philosophical thought | c. A comparative study of cultural groups | d. A process of inquiring about problems and taking action to solve them
Correct Answer: d. A process of inquiring about problems and taking action to solve them
Technical Context: Reflective inquiry combined with structured pedagogical intervention defines the core operational loop.

Question 13: Which tense is to be used for writing research report

Options: a. Present Continuous | b. Present Tense | c. Future tense | d. Past Tense
Correct Answer: d. Past Tense
Technical Context: APA guidelines specify using past tense (or present perfect) when describing completed research procedures, data collection, and historical findings.

Question 14: Which of the following is the best Standard deviation result?

Options: a. 1.5 | b. 4.5 | c. 2 | d. 5.5
Correct Answer: a. 1.5
Technical Context: A lower standard deviation indicates that data points are clustered closely around the mean, demonstrating higher consistency and reliability in experimental measurements.

Question 15: Which one is NOT an example of quantitative data?

Options: a. Attitude scale | b. Interview | c. Close-ended questionnaire | d. Rating scale
Correct Answer: b. Interview
Technical Context: Open-ended interviews generate qualitative textual data, whereas rating scales and close-ended questionnaires yield numerical scores.

Question 16: Which is not the type of reliability

Options: a. Parallel forms | b. Test-retest | c. Interrater | d. Construct
Correct Answer: d. Construct
Technical Context: Construct refers to a category of Validity (Construct Validity), whereas parallel forms, test-retest, and interrater measure Reliability (consistency).

Question 17: Srivastava, Rajesh (2016). A critical study of Gender differences in politics. Modern Indian Education, 37(2), pp. 11-24. In the above mentioned sentence the highlighted represent What

Options: a. Page number | b. Volume number | c. Issue number | d. Publication year
Correct Answer: b. Volume number (In APA format: Journal Title, Volume(Issue), pages. The number immediately preceding parentheses denotes the volume).

Question 18: Review research literature belongs to which stage

Options: a. Plan | b. Reflect | c. Observe | d. Act
Correct Answer: a. Plan
Technical Context: Literature review occurs during the initial planning phase to establish existing knowledge baselines before design implementation.

Question 19: The process part of action research consists of

Options: a. Methodology and report writing | b. Title, Objective, Hypothesis, Methodology… | c. Hypothesis, Methodology… | d. Methodology, Procedure of Data Collection and Data Analysis
Correct Answer: d. Methodology, Procedure of Data Collection and Data Analysis
Technical Context: The procedural core encompasses operational tools, execution protocols, and analytical procedures.

Question 20: Sample, tool, experimental design are included in which part of Action research

Options: a. Hypothesis | b. Methodology | c. Objective | d. Title
Correct Answer: b. Methodology
Technical Context: The methodology section defines the research design, participant selection, measurement instruments, and data treatment protocols.

Q#	Topic Focus	Verified Answer
1	Post-Hypothesis Step	Selection of Research Tools
2	Selection Process	Sampling
3	Statistical Average	Mean
4	Experimental Nature	Scientific
5	Real-life In-depth Study	Case Study
6	Teacher Action Trigger	Try to correct something that is not working
7	Action Research Type	Experimental
8	APA Expansion	American Psychological Association
9	Correct Steps Order	Problem $\rightarrow$ Data Collection $\rightarrow$ Interpretation $\rightarrow$ Action $\rightarrow$ Reflection
10	APA Structural Document	Table of contents
11	Core Purpose	Solve an immediate problem
12	Core Definition	Inquiring about problems and taking action
13	Report Tense	Past Tense
14	Best Standard Deviation	1.5
15	Non-Quantitative Tool	Interview
16	Non-Reliability Metric	Construct
17	Citation Citation Element	Volume number
18	Literature Review Stage	Plan
19	Process Component	Methodology, Data Collection Procedure & Analysis
20	Structural Placement	Methodology

Steps to Complete Assessment & Download Certificate on DIKSHA

Log In: Access the DIKSHA Portal or mobile app with your teacher credentials.
Select Course: Go to My Courses $\rightarrow$ Action Research Module.
Submit Quiz: Complete the assessment using the verified answer key above.
Verify Passing Score: Ensure a score of at least 14/20 (70%).
Download Certificate: Check your Profile dashboard after 24–48 hours to download your verified digital certificate.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the primary difference between Action Research and Applied Research?

Action Research solves localized, immediate classroom issues without aiming for broad generalization, whereas Applied Research tests theories to establish broader institutional practices.

Why is Construct classified under Validity rather than Reliability?

Construct validity measures whether an instrument accurately assesses the theoretical concept it claims to measure, whereas reliability evaluates consistency across repeated tests.

Which tense should be used when writing an APA research methodology section?

APA guidelines require using the Past Tense or Present Perfect Tense for methodology sections, as data collection and experimental actions were completed prior to report compilation.